Mualaf Manado: Post-Conversion Type and Religious Life
Main Article Content
Abstract
Artikel ini membahas tipe mualaf berdasarkan motif konversi dan mengaitkannya dengan kehidupan keagamaan mualaf pasca konversi. Konversi agama merupakan bagian dari dinamika keagamaan di kota Manado yang kondisi masyarakatnya heterogen dan multikultur. Meskipun merupakan fenomena sosial, keputusan menjadi mualaf merupakan hal yang personal. Selain itu, perpindahan ke agama minoritas merupakan peristiwa unik karena individu mendobrak tatanan sosial yang mapan. Artikel ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Data diambil dengan wawancara dan observasi kepada 15 mualaf yang tersebar di beberapa kecamatan di kota Manado. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan motifnya, terdapat 3 tipe konversi agama, yaitu affectional, intelectual dan mystical conversion. Terdapat pula tipe gabungan dari ketiga tipe tersebut, yaitu mysctical-affectional, intelectual-affectional, eksperimental-affectional dan intelectual-eksperimental-affectional conversion. Tipe konversi tersebut menunjukkan kehidupan keagamaan yang berbeda pada masing-masing mualaf. Mualaf tipe affectional conversion cenderung kurang berkomitmen pada ritual keagamaan, terumata yang sifatnya personal. Sementara mualaf dengan tipe lainnya mempunyai kesadaran bahwa agama merupakan tanggungjawab pribadi, sehingga kualitas kehidupan keagamaannya pun lebih baik.
This article discusses the type of mualaf based on conversion motives and relates it to the religious life after conversion. Religious conversion is part of the religious dynamics in Manado, which has a heterogeneous and multicultural society. Although it is a social phenomenon, the decision to mualaf is a personal matter. In addition, conversion to a minority religion is a unique event because individuals break through the established social order. This article uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected through interviews and observations with 15 mualaf spread across the districts of Manado. The results of this research showed that based on their motives, there were three types of religious conversion, namely affectional, intellectual, and mystical conversion. There was also a combination of types, namely mystical-affectional, intellectual-affectional, experimental-affectional, and intellectual-experimental-affectional conversion. These conversion types show different religious lives in each mualaf. Mualaf, with an affectional conversion type, tends to be less committed to religious rituals, especially in personal worship. Meanwhile, converts with other types are aware that religion is a personal responsibility, so the quality of their religious life is better.
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