REDUCING THE POLITICIZATION OF RELIGION AND DISCRIMINATION AGAINST MINORITY GROUPS AHEAD OF THE 2024 POLITICAL YEAR IN INDONESIA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF DIGITAL MEDIA
Main Article Content
Abstract
Indonesian people have lived together in a socio-religious context in a peaceful atmosphere, full of tolerance within the framework of diversity, and prioritizing religious values. However, this peace and harmony turned into conflict, hostility, and discrimination, which was triggered by political elites using religion through identity politics and the politicization of religion to gain power in the 2019 legislative and presidential elections, which started with the fire that was ignited in the 2017 DKI Pilkada. This article uses a qualitative type virtual ethnographic method and literature review in obtaining main data derived from the search results, collection, and processing of sixty reputable national and international scientific journals, general and religious-based online news websites, to social media platforms. Digital media has become a battle arena that legitimizes narratives of the politicization of religion and identity politics which ultimately lead to social turmoil with political and religious nuances so that a series of strategies are needed by the government, religious leaders, and a plural society that are concerned about these conditions in moderating the digital world and digitalization-based cross-cultural religious literacy in the form of positive-inclusive content that is massive and has a large flow so that it exalts the political narrative of humanity which becomes the spirit of politics until finally a soothing social and digital media climate is created without any negative tendencies that become seeds of discrimination and conflict when elections come.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Article Details
How to Cite
Ridho, Ali, Aidillah Suja, Akhmad Rifa'i, and Muhammed Sharin Haji Masri. “REDUCING THE POLITICIZATION OF RELIGION AND DISCRIMINATION AGAINST MINORITY GROUPS AHEAD OF THE 2024 POLITICAL YEAR IN INDONESIA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF DIGITAL MEDIA”. PERADA 6, no. 1 (June 26, 2023). Accessed September 20, 2024. https://ejournal.stainkepri.ac.id/index.php/perada/article/view/825.
Issue
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Penulis yang menerbitkan dengan jurnal ini menyetujui persyaratan berikut:
- Penulis memegang hak cipta dan memberikan hak publikasi pertama kepada jurnal dengan karya yang dilisensikan secara bersamaan di bawah Creative Commons Attribution License yang memungkinkan orang lain untuk berbagi karya dengan pengakuan kepenulisan karya dan publikasi awal di jurnal ini.
- Penulis dapat membuat pengaturan kontrak tambahan yang terpisah untuk distribusi non-eksklusif dari versi jurnal yang diterbitkan (misalnya, mengirimnya ke repositori institusional atau menerbitkannya dalam sebuah buku), dengan pengakuan atas publikasi awal dalam jurnal ini.
- Penulis diizinkan dan didorong untuk memposting karya mereka secara online (misalnya, di repositori institusional atau di situs web mereka) sebelum dan selama proses penyerahan, karena hal ini dapat mengarah pada pertukaran yang produktif, serta kutipan yang lebih awal dan lebih besar dari karya yang diterbitkan.
----------------------------------------
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work
References
Abidin, Muhammad Zainal, and Yulia Hafizah, ‘Conflict and Integration in The Salafi-Wahabi Purification Movement in South Kalimantan’, Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama Dan Sosial Budaya, 4.2 (2019), 191–201
Amal, M. Khusna, ‘Anti-Shia Mass Mobilization in Indonesia’s Democracy: Godly Alliance, Militant Groups and the Politics of Exclusion’, Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 10.1 (2020), 25–48
Amaly, Najla, and Armiah Armiah, ‘Peran Kompetensi Literasi Digital Terhadap Konten Hoaks Dalam Media Sosial’, Alhadharah: Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah, 20.2 (2021), 43
Andreas, Christopher, Sakinah Priandi, Antonio Nikolas Manuel Bonar Simamora, and M. Fariz Fadillah Mardianto, ‘Analisis Hubungan Media Sosial Dan Media Massa Dalam Penyebaran Berita Hoaks Berdasarkan Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square’, MUST: Journal of Mathematics Education, Science and Technology, 6.1 (2021), 81
Araújo, Bruno, and Hélder Prior, ‘Framing Political Populism: The Role of Media in Framing the Election of Jair Bolsonaro’, Journalism Practice, 15.2 (2021), 226–42
Arjon, Sugit Sanjaya, ‘Religious Sentiments In Local Politics’, Jurnal Politik, 3.2 (2018), 171
Baharuddin, Ahmad Syukran, Thameem Ushama, Awang Sariyan, Hafiz Zakariya, Danial Mohd Yusof, Mohammad Abdul Quayum, and others, ‘MODERATE ISLAM AS A SOLUTION TO PLURALISM IN THE ISLAMIC WORLD: THE EXPERIENCE OF INDONESIA’, AL-SHAJARAH: JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ISLAMIC THOUGHT AND CIVILIZATION (ISTAC), 2019
Birkland, Thomas A, and Regina G Lawrence, ‘Media Framing and Policy Change After Columbine’, American Behavioral Scientist, 52.10 (2009), 1405–25
Boler, Megan, and Elizabeth Davis, ‘The Affective Politics of the “Post-Truth” Era: Feeling Rules and Networked Subjects’, Emotion, Space and Society, 27.December 2017 (2018), 75–85
Bruder, Martin, and Laura Kunert, ‘The Conspiracy Hoax? Testing Key Hypotheses about the Correlates of Generic Beliefs in Conspiracy Theories during the COVID-19 Pandemic’, International Journal of Psychology, 57.1 (2022), 43–48
Burhani, Ahmad Najib, ‘Fundamentalism and Religious Dissent: The LPPI’s Mission to Eradicate the Ahmadiyya in Indonesia’, Indonesia and the Malay World, 44.129 (2016), 145–64
Chen, Jonathan, ‘Representing Chinese Indonesians: Pribumi Discourse and Regional Elections in Post-Reform Indonesia’, Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 41.1 (2022), 59–87
Cho, Wonhyuk, and Winda Dwi Melisa, ‘Citizen Coproduction and Social Media Communication: Delivering a Municipal Government’s Urban Services through Digital Participation’, Administrative Sciences, 11.2 (2021)
Daven, Mathias, ‘POLITIK ATAS NAMA ALLAH’, Jurnal Ledalero, 18.1 (2019), 22
Dwiyasa, Norvin, ‘The Role of Buzzer Groups in Policies for Handling the Covid-19 Pandemic on Social Media’, International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 05.06 (2022), 2008–11
Fauzi, Agus Machfud, Fadilah Salsa Novinayah, and Oktavia Ayu Darmawan, ‘Kontroversi Sosial Caleg Perempuan Pks’, 03.01 (2019), 40–52
Gambhir, Harleen K, ‘Dabiq: The Strategic Messaging of the Islamic State’, Backgrounder, 2014, 1–12
Ghozali, Imam, ‘The Criticism of the Political Model of Humanity’s Twitter NU Garis Lucu Against Intolerant Groups and Government’, 8.1 (2022), 1–11
Griffin, Vanessa Woodward, and O. Hayden Griffin, ‘Content Analysis’, The Encyclopedia of Research Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice: Volume II: Parts 5-8, 2008, 2021, 375–80
Hakim, Masykur, ‘Soeharto and the Politicization of Indonesian Islam (1968-1998)’, Journal of Indonesian Islam, 10.2 (2016), 159–80
Hamayotsu, Kikue, ‘Beyond Faith and Identity: Mobilizing Islamic Youth in a Democratic Indonesia’, The Pacific Review, 24.2 (2011), 225–47
Hamid, Rizal Al, ‘Reinterpretation Of Uuderstanding Pancasila And The Value Of Diversity In Post-Reform Era’, Empirisma: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Kebudayaan Islam, 31.1 (2022), 16–29
Hasan, Noorhaidi, ‘The Salafi Movement in Indonesia: Transnational Dynamics and Local Development’, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 27 (2007), 83–94
Hasyim, Syafiq, ‘State and Religion: Considering Indonesian Islam as Model of Democratisation for the Muslim World’, Colloquium on Models of Secularism, 2013, 1–32
Hukum, Negara, Pada Era, and Otonomi Daerah, ‘Peraturan Daerah Berbasis Syari ’ Ah Dalam Perspektif Negara Hukum Pada Era Otonomi Daerah (’, 2020
Irawanto, Budi, ‘Making It Personal?: The Campaign Battle on Social Media in Indonesia’s 2019 Presidential Election’, Perspective, 1.28 (2019), 1–11
Isra Widya Ningsih, dkk., M A Lubis, and S Biru, ‘Indonesiaku Bhinneka Tunggal Ika’, 24.1 (2022), 143–65
Jamali, Yasmin, Ghazala Shoukat, and Rameez Ali Mahesar, ‘Comparative Study of Democratic Performance of News Media in Pakistan: Analysis of Framing Theory’, Ilkogretim Online, 20.5 (2021), 6897–6906
Jatiningsih, Oksiana, Windita Mei Bella Averina, and Miftakhul Hidayah, ‘Controlling Hoax of Covid-19: Capturing Moral Messages from Social Events’, Proceedings of the Annual Civic Education Conference (ACEC 2021), 636.Acec 2021 (2022), 273–77
Juwono, Vishnu, ‘One Step Forward, Two Steps Back: The Retrogression of Governance Reform and Anti-Corruption Measure in Indonesia 1999–2001’, Jurnal Politik, 6.1 (2020), 121
Kharisma, Bayu, ‘Surfing Alone? The Internet and Social Capital: Evidence from Indonesia’, Journal of Economic Structures, 11.1 (2022)
Kleinheksel, A J, Nicole Rockich-Winston, Huda Tawfik, and Tasha R Wyatt, ‘Qualitative Research in Pharmacy Education: Demystifying Content Analysis’, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 84.1 (2020), 127–37
Kozinets, R. V., Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online (London, United Kingdom: Sage Publications, 2009)
Kusumaningrum, Demeiati Nur, and Tri Sulistyaningsih, ‘The Internalization of Nationalism and Pancasila for Teenager as the Value to Living in the Era of Digital Transformation’, Journal of Community Service and Empowerment, 3.2 (2022), 1–10
Masduki, ‘Cyber-Troops, Digital Attacks, and Media Freedom in Indonesia’, Asian Journal of Communication, 32.3 (2022), 218–33
McGinty, Emma E., Daniel W. Webster, Marian Jarlenski, and Colleen L. Barry, ‘News Media Framing of Serious Mental Illness and Gun Violence in the United States, 1997-2012’, American Journal of Public Health, 104.3 (2014), 406–13
Misbah, Muhammad, and Anisah Setyaningrum, ‘Rising Islamic Conservatism in Indonesia Islamic Groups and Identity Politics, by Leonard C. Sebastian, Syafiq Hasyim, Alexander R. Arifianto’, Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia, 178.1 (2022), 136–39
Mustofa, Imron, ‘Saeculum-Mundus Politik Indonesia: Satu Kajian Filosofis Dalam Perspektif Nurcholish Madjid’, Hayula: Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Islamic Studies, 5.2 (2021), 221–42
Mutohhari, Farid, Herminarto Sofyan, and Muhammad Nurtanto, ‘Technological Competencies: A Study on the Acceptance of Digital Technology on Vocational Teachers in Indonesia’, 2021
Nashir, Haedar, Zuly Qodir, Achmad Nurmandi, Hasse Jubba, and Mega Hidayati, ‘Muhammadiyah’s Moderation Stance in the 2019 General Election’, Al-Jami’ah, 57.1 (2019), 1–24
Okthariza, Noory, ‘Between the Internal Struggle and Electoral Rules Effect: The Challenges of Political Islam in a Democratic Indonesia BT - Society and Democracy in South Korea and Indonesia’, ed. by Brendan Howe (Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022), pp. 39–59
OSBIN, SAMOSIR, ‘Democracy, Political Identity, and the Fate of Minority Politics: Reflections Towards Indonesia’S National Concurrent Elections in 2024’, Globus: Social Sciences, 7.2(36) (2021), 14–22
Pangestu, Perdana Putra, ‘INDONESIAN MUSLIM IDENTITY CONSTELLATION IN THE DIGITAL MEDIA: Labeling Arrogant Islam by Permadi Arya on Social Media’, Al-Tahrir: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 21.1 (2021), 55–71
Parhan, Muhammad, Risris Hari Nugraha, and Mohammad Rindu Fajar Islamy, ‘Model of Religious Moderation in Universities: Alternative Solution to Liberal, Literal and Radical Islam’, EDUKASIA ISLAMIKA Model of Religious Moderation in Universities?: Alternative, 7.1 (2022)
Purnayasa, N I, ‘Analisis Tingkat Cyberbullying Di Indonesia Menggunakan Teknologi Big Data’, Researchgate.Net, April, 2021
Putri, Ratnadiah Anisa, and I Putu Anom, ‘Open Access Motivation of Visitors to the Tomb Area of K . H . Abdurrahman Wahid ( Gus Dur ) in Cukir Village , Diwek District , Jombang Regency’, 1, 2022, 291–97
Ramadhan, Gilang, ‘Majority Religious Politics: The Struggle for Religious Rights of Minorities in Sampang, Madura’, Simulacra, 5.1 (2022), 17–28
Royan, Raehan, ‘The REVITALIZATION OF RELIGIOUS MODERATION TO REALIZE THE CHARACTER OF MUSLIM UMMATAN WASATHAN IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION’, Annual International COnference on Islamic Education for Students, 1.1 (2022), 138–47
Safei, Agus Ahmad, ‘Promoting Moderate Islam in a Global Community through the “English for Ulama” Programme’, HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 77.4 (2021), 1–8
Sahebi, Siavosh, and Paul Formosa, ‘Social Media and Its Negative Impacts on Autonomy’, Philosophy and Technology, 35.3 (2022), 1–24
Siregar, Ade Kurniawan, and Eka Fitri Qurniawati, ‘Analisis Framing Pemberitaan Buzzer Di Tempo.Co’, Journal of New Media and Communication, 1.1 (2022), 1–15
Suherman, Ansar, Muhammad Rizal Ardiansah Putra, and Mansur, ‘Identity Politic Contestation in the Public Sphere: A Steep Road of Democracy in Indonesia’, 436 (2020), 227–30
Sumarto, Sumarto, and Emmi Kholilah Harahap, ‘Moderasi Beragama Ummat Hindu Di Kampung Bali Kecamatan Nibung Kabupaten Muratara Sumatera Selatan’, Jurnal Literasiologi, 8.1 (2022), 155–65
Sunarwoto, ‘Online Salafi Rivalries in Indonesia: Between Sectarianism and “Good” Citizenship’, Religion, State and Society, 49.2 (2021), 157–73
Syahputra, Iswandi, ‘SEARCH Journal of Media and Communication Research Expressions of Hatred and the Formation of Spiral of Anxiety on Social Media in Indonesia * Iswandi Syahputra’, 11.1 (2019), 95–112
TANUWIDJAJA, SUNNY, ‘Political Islam and Islamic Parties in Indonesia: Critically Assessing the Evidence of Islam’s Political Decline’, Pacific Affairs, 32.4 (2010), 29–49
Trends, New, Risks Analysis, Elena V Frolova, Olga V Rogach, Tatyana M Ryabova, and Russian Federation, ‘Digitalization of Education in Modern Scientific Discourse: New Trends and Risks Analysis’, European Journal of Contemporary Education, 9.2 (2020), 313–36
Tsvetkova, Natalia, ‘Russian Digital Diplomacy: A Rising Cyber Soft Power? BT - Russia’s Public Diplomacy: Evolution and Practice’, ed. by Anna A Velikaya and Greg Simons (Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020), pp. 103–17
Turner, Bryan S, ‘Religious Authority and the New Media’, Theory, Culture & Society, 24.2 (2007), 117–34
Ushama, Thameem, ‘Islamophobia in India during the Covid-19 Crisis: A Surge of Stigmatization, Vilification and Murder’, Al-Shajarah, 26.1 (2021), 71–98
Widyana, I Komang, I Made Darsana, and I Gede Arya Juni Arta, ‘ Religious Moderation in the Framework of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika in Indonesia ’, Proceedings of the Annual Civic Education Conference (ACEC 2021), 636.Acec 2021 (2022), 166–69
Yani, Muhammad Turhan, Choirul Mahfud, S. A.P. Rangga Sa’adillah, Mohammad Reevany Bustami, Maskuri, and Ahmad Taufiq, ‘Advancing the Discourse of Muslim Politics in Indonesia: A Study on Political Orientation of Kiai as Religious Elites in Nahdlatul Ulama’, Heliyon, 8.12 (2022)
Amal, M. Khusna, ‘Anti-Shia Mass Mobilization in Indonesia’s Democracy: Godly Alliance, Militant Groups and the Politics of Exclusion’, Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 10.1 (2020), 25–48
Amaly, Najla, and Armiah Armiah, ‘Peran Kompetensi Literasi Digital Terhadap Konten Hoaks Dalam Media Sosial’, Alhadharah: Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah, 20.2 (2021), 43
Andreas, Christopher, Sakinah Priandi, Antonio Nikolas Manuel Bonar Simamora, and M. Fariz Fadillah Mardianto, ‘Analisis Hubungan Media Sosial Dan Media Massa Dalam Penyebaran Berita Hoaks Berdasarkan Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square’, MUST: Journal of Mathematics Education, Science and Technology, 6.1 (2021), 81
Araújo, Bruno, and Hélder Prior, ‘Framing Political Populism: The Role of Media in Framing the Election of Jair Bolsonaro’, Journalism Practice, 15.2 (2021), 226–42
Arjon, Sugit Sanjaya, ‘Religious Sentiments In Local Politics’, Jurnal Politik, 3.2 (2018), 171
Baharuddin, Ahmad Syukran, Thameem Ushama, Awang Sariyan, Hafiz Zakariya, Danial Mohd Yusof, Mohammad Abdul Quayum, and others, ‘MODERATE ISLAM AS A SOLUTION TO PLURALISM IN THE ISLAMIC WORLD: THE EXPERIENCE OF INDONESIA’, AL-SHAJARAH: JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ISLAMIC THOUGHT AND CIVILIZATION (ISTAC), 2019
Birkland, Thomas A, and Regina G Lawrence, ‘Media Framing and Policy Change After Columbine’, American Behavioral Scientist, 52.10 (2009), 1405–25
Boler, Megan, and Elizabeth Davis, ‘The Affective Politics of the “Post-Truth” Era: Feeling Rules and Networked Subjects’, Emotion, Space and Society, 27.December 2017 (2018), 75–85
Bruder, Martin, and Laura Kunert, ‘The Conspiracy Hoax? Testing Key Hypotheses about the Correlates of Generic Beliefs in Conspiracy Theories during the COVID-19 Pandemic’, International Journal of Psychology, 57.1 (2022), 43–48
Burhani, Ahmad Najib, ‘Fundamentalism and Religious Dissent: The LPPI’s Mission to Eradicate the Ahmadiyya in Indonesia’, Indonesia and the Malay World, 44.129 (2016), 145–64
Chen, Jonathan, ‘Representing Chinese Indonesians: Pribumi Discourse and Regional Elections in Post-Reform Indonesia’, Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 41.1 (2022), 59–87
Cho, Wonhyuk, and Winda Dwi Melisa, ‘Citizen Coproduction and Social Media Communication: Delivering a Municipal Government’s Urban Services through Digital Participation’, Administrative Sciences, 11.2 (2021)
Daven, Mathias, ‘POLITIK ATAS NAMA ALLAH’, Jurnal Ledalero, 18.1 (2019), 22
Dwiyasa, Norvin, ‘The Role of Buzzer Groups in Policies for Handling the Covid-19 Pandemic on Social Media’, International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 05.06 (2022), 2008–11
Fauzi, Agus Machfud, Fadilah Salsa Novinayah, and Oktavia Ayu Darmawan, ‘Kontroversi Sosial Caleg Perempuan Pks’, 03.01 (2019), 40–52
Gambhir, Harleen K, ‘Dabiq: The Strategic Messaging of the Islamic State’, Backgrounder, 2014, 1–12
Ghozali, Imam, ‘The Criticism of the Political Model of Humanity’s Twitter NU Garis Lucu Against Intolerant Groups and Government’, 8.1 (2022), 1–11
Griffin, Vanessa Woodward, and O. Hayden Griffin, ‘Content Analysis’, The Encyclopedia of Research Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice: Volume II: Parts 5-8, 2008, 2021, 375–80
Hakim, Masykur, ‘Soeharto and the Politicization of Indonesian Islam (1968-1998)’, Journal of Indonesian Islam, 10.2 (2016), 159–80
Hamayotsu, Kikue, ‘Beyond Faith and Identity: Mobilizing Islamic Youth in a Democratic Indonesia’, The Pacific Review, 24.2 (2011), 225–47
Hamid, Rizal Al, ‘Reinterpretation Of Uuderstanding Pancasila And The Value Of Diversity In Post-Reform Era’, Empirisma: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Kebudayaan Islam, 31.1 (2022), 16–29
Hasan, Noorhaidi, ‘The Salafi Movement in Indonesia: Transnational Dynamics and Local Development’, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 27 (2007), 83–94
Hasyim, Syafiq, ‘State and Religion: Considering Indonesian Islam as Model of Democratisation for the Muslim World’, Colloquium on Models of Secularism, 2013, 1–32
Hukum, Negara, Pada Era, and Otonomi Daerah, ‘Peraturan Daerah Berbasis Syari ’ Ah Dalam Perspektif Negara Hukum Pada Era Otonomi Daerah (’, 2020
Irawanto, Budi, ‘Making It Personal?: The Campaign Battle on Social Media in Indonesia’s 2019 Presidential Election’, Perspective, 1.28 (2019), 1–11
Isra Widya Ningsih, dkk., M A Lubis, and S Biru, ‘Indonesiaku Bhinneka Tunggal Ika’, 24.1 (2022), 143–65
Jamali, Yasmin, Ghazala Shoukat, and Rameez Ali Mahesar, ‘Comparative Study of Democratic Performance of News Media in Pakistan: Analysis of Framing Theory’, Ilkogretim Online, 20.5 (2021), 6897–6906
Jatiningsih, Oksiana, Windita Mei Bella Averina, and Miftakhul Hidayah, ‘Controlling Hoax of Covid-19: Capturing Moral Messages from Social Events’, Proceedings of the Annual Civic Education Conference (ACEC 2021), 636.Acec 2021 (2022), 273–77
Juwono, Vishnu, ‘One Step Forward, Two Steps Back: The Retrogression of Governance Reform and Anti-Corruption Measure in Indonesia 1999–2001’, Jurnal Politik, 6.1 (2020), 121
Kharisma, Bayu, ‘Surfing Alone? The Internet and Social Capital: Evidence from Indonesia’, Journal of Economic Structures, 11.1 (2022)
Kleinheksel, A J, Nicole Rockich-Winston, Huda Tawfik, and Tasha R Wyatt, ‘Qualitative Research in Pharmacy Education: Demystifying Content Analysis’, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 84.1 (2020), 127–37
Kozinets, R. V., Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online (London, United Kingdom: Sage Publications, 2009)
Kusumaningrum, Demeiati Nur, and Tri Sulistyaningsih, ‘The Internalization of Nationalism and Pancasila for Teenager as the Value to Living in the Era of Digital Transformation’, Journal of Community Service and Empowerment, 3.2 (2022), 1–10
Masduki, ‘Cyber-Troops, Digital Attacks, and Media Freedom in Indonesia’, Asian Journal of Communication, 32.3 (2022), 218–33
McGinty, Emma E., Daniel W. Webster, Marian Jarlenski, and Colleen L. Barry, ‘News Media Framing of Serious Mental Illness and Gun Violence in the United States, 1997-2012’, American Journal of Public Health, 104.3 (2014), 406–13
Misbah, Muhammad, and Anisah Setyaningrum, ‘Rising Islamic Conservatism in Indonesia Islamic Groups and Identity Politics, by Leonard C. Sebastian, Syafiq Hasyim, Alexander R. Arifianto’, Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia, 178.1 (2022), 136–39
Mustofa, Imron, ‘Saeculum-Mundus Politik Indonesia: Satu Kajian Filosofis Dalam Perspektif Nurcholish Madjid’, Hayula: Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Islamic Studies, 5.2 (2021), 221–42
Mutohhari, Farid, Herminarto Sofyan, and Muhammad Nurtanto, ‘Technological Competencies: A Study on the Acceptance of Digital Technology on Vocational Teachers in Indonesia’, 2021
Nashir, Haedar, Zuly Qodir, Achmad Nurmandi, Hasse Jubba, and Mega Hidayati, ‘Muhammadiyah’s Moderation Stance in the 2019 General Election’, Al-Jami’ah, 57.1 (2019), 1–24
Okthariza, Noory, ‘Between the Internal Struggle and Electoral Rules Effect: The Challenges of Political Islam in a Democratic Indonesia BT - Society and Democracy in South Korea and Indonesia’, ed. by Brendan Howe (Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022), pp. 39–59
OSBIN, SAMOSIR, ‘Democracy, Political Identity, and the Fate of Minority Politics: Reflections Towards Indonesia’S National Concurrent Elections in 2024’, Globus: Social Sciences, 7.2(36) (2021), 14–22
Pangestu, Perdana Putra, ‘INDONESIAN MUSLIM IDENTITY CONSTELLATION IN THE DIGITAL MEDIA: Labeling Arrogant Islam by Permadi Arya on Social Media’, Al-Tahrir: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 21.1 (2021), 55–71
Parhan, Muhammad, Risris Hari Nugraha, and Mohammad Rindu Fajar Islamy, ‘Model of Religious Moderation in Universities: Alternative Solution to Liberal, Literal and Radical Islam’, EDUKASIA ISLAMIKA Model of Religious Moderation in Universities?: Alternative, 7.1 (2022)
Purnayasa, N I, ‘Analisis Tingkat Cyberbullying Di Indonesia Menggunakan Teknologi Big Data’, Researchgate.Net, April, 2021
Putri, Ratnadiah Anisa, and I Putu Anom, ‘Open Access Motivation of Visitors to the Tomb Area of K . H . Abdurrahman Wahid ( Gus Dur ) in Cukir Village , Diwek District , Jombang Regency’, 1, 2022, 291–97
Ramadhan, Gilang, ‘Majority Religious Politics: The Struggle for Religious Rights of Minorities in Sampang, Madura’, Simulacra, 5.1 (2022), 17–28
Royan, Raehan, ‘The REVITALIZATION OF RELIGIOUS MODERATION TO REALIZE THE CHARACTER OF MUSLIM UMMATAN WASATHAN IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION’, Annual International COnference on Islamic Education for Students, 1.1 (2022), 138–47
Safei, Agus Ahmad, ‘Promoting Moderate Islam in a Global Community through the “English for Ulama” Programme’, HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 77.4 (2021), 1–8
Sahebi, Siavosh, and Paul Formosa, ‘Social Media and Its Negative Impacts on Autonomy’, Philosophy and Technology, 35.3 (2022), 1–24
Siregar, Ade Kurniawan, and Eka Fitri Qurniawati, ‘Analisis Framing Pemberitaan Buzzer Di Tempo.Co’, Journal of New Media and Communication, 1.1 (2022), 1–15
Suherman, Ansar, Muhammad Rizal Ardiansah Putra, and Mansur, ‘Identity Politic Contestation in the Public Sphere: A Steep Road of Democracy in Indonesia’, 436 (2020), 227–30
Sumarto, Sumarto, and Emmi Kholilah Harahap, ‘Moderasi Beragama Ummat Hindu Di Kampung Bali Kecamatan Nibung Kabupaten Muratara Sumatera Selatan’, Jurnal Literasiologi, 8.1 (2022), 155–65
Sunarwoto, ‘Online Salafi Rivalries in Indonesia: Between Sectarianism and “Good” Citizenship’, Religion, State and Society, 49.2 (2021), 157–73
Syahputra, Iswandi, ‘SEARCH Journal of Media and Communication Research Expressions of Hatred and the Formation of Spiral of Anxiety on Social Media in Indonesia * Iswandi Syahputra’, 11.1 (2019), 95–112
TANUWIDJAJA, SUNNY, ‘Political Islam and Islamic Parties in Indonesia: Critically Assessing the Evidence of Islam’s Political Decline’, Pacific Affairs, 32.4 (2010), 29–49
Trends, New, Risks Analysis, Elena V Frolova, Olga V Rogach, Tatyana M Ryabova, and Russian Federation, ‘Digitalization of Education in Modern Scientific Discourse: New Trends and Risks Analysis’, European Journal of Contemporary Education, 9.2 (2020), 313–36
Tsvetkova, Natalia, ‘Russian Digital Diplomacy: A Rising Cyber Soft Power? BT - Russia’s Public Diplomacy: Evolution and Practice’, ed. by Anna A Velikaya and Greg Simons (Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020), pp. 103–17
Turner, Bryan S, ‘Religious Authority and the New Media’, Theory, Culture & Society, 24.2 (2007), 117–34
Ushama, Thameem, ‘Islamophobia in India during the Covid-19 Crisis: A Surge of Stigmatization, Vilification and Murder’, Al-Shajarah, 26.1 (2021), 71–98
Widyana, I Komang, I Made Darsana, and I Gede Arya Juni Arta, ‘ Religious Moderation in the Framework of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika in Indonesia ’, Proceedings of the Annual Civic Education Conference (ACEC 2021), 636.Acec 2021 (2022), 166–69
Yani, Muhammad Turhan, Choirul Mahfud, S. A.P. Rangga Sa’adillah, Mohammad Reevany Bustami, Maskuri, and Ahmad Taufiq, ‘Advancing the Discourse of Muslim Politics in Indonesia: A Study on Political Orientation of Kiai as Religious Elites in Nahdlatul Ulama’, Heliyon, 8.12 (2022)