The CORRELATION BETWEEN PRODUCTIVE AND RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE SKILLS: AN EXAMINATION ON ADFELPS TEST SCORES
An Examination on ADFELPS Test Scores
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35961/salee.v1i02.111Keywords:
ADFELPS Tests, receptive language skills, productive language skillsAbstract
Abstract
ADFELPS Tests has been widely used as a predictive test to help stakeholders in making decisions in levelling Indonesian defence attachés’ English proficiency before they are assigned abroad. Despite the significant demands in examining the test for the purpose of informing the test users about the army officers’ English competence, little research has attempted to evaluate this standardized test. The present study, therefore, aimed to analyse the connection between the receptive and productive language skills of the test. Besides, it is also keen to explore whether test takers’ age, frequency of test-taking and length of study affect their scores and which part of the test is the most difficult to complete. Thirty military officers participated by submitting their ADFELPS Test scores and answered a designed questionnaire. IBM SPSS 2.5 software was used to perform a variety of analysis procedures such as the Pearson correlation analysis, an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and an independent t-test procedure. It revealed a strong relationship between ADFELPS test score of language receptive skills (listening and reading) and the productive skills (speaking and writing) and listening is the dominant skill that correlates with all other language proficiency skills. Second, listening skill is particularly considered as the most difficult skill to acquire due to its complexity in the language learning process. Finally, participants’ age and their experiences of taking the test do not bring a significant impact on the improvement of ADFEPLS achievement score. In contrast, length of study preparation has helped test takers in increasing their test scores.
References
Bozorgian, H. (2012a). Listening skill requires a further look into second/foreign language learning. ISRN Education, Vol. 2012, Article ID 810129 doi:10.5402/2012/810129
Bozorgian, H. (2012b). The relationship between listening and other language skills in International English Language Testing System. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2(4), 657-663.
Cheong, C. M., Zhu, X., & Liao, X. (2018). Differences between the relationship of L1 learners’ performance in integrated writing with both independent listening and independent reading cognitive skills. Reading and Writing, 31(4), 779-811.
Davies, N. (1976). Receptive versus Productive Skills in Foreign Language Learning. The Modern Language Journal, 60(8), 440-443. doi:10.2307/326052
Defence International Training Centre. (2020, April 22). Defence International Training Centre. https://ditc.com.au/
Dörnyei, Z. (1994). Motivation and motivating in the foreign language classroom. The modern language journal, 78(3), 273-284.
Fernández, B. G., & Schmitt, N. (2015). How much collocation knowledge do L2 learners have? The effects of frequency and amount of exposure. ITL-International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 166(1), 94-126.
Gilbert, M. B. (2005). An examination of listening effectiveness of educators: Performance and preference. Professional Educator, 27(1/2), 1-16
Grabe, W. (2003). Reading and writing relations: Second language perspectives on research and practice. In B. Kroll (Ed.), Exploring the dynamics of second language writing (pp. 242–262). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hale, G. A., Stansfield, C. W., Rock, D. A., Hicks, M. M., Butler, F. A., & Oller, J. W., Jr. (1988). Multiple-choice Cloze items and the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL Research Report No. 26). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
Hye K. Pae & Beth O'Brien (2018) Overlap and Uniqueness: Linguistic Componential Traits Contributing to Expressive Skills in English as a Foreign Language, Reading Psychology, 39(4), 384-412, DOI: 10.1080/02702711.2018.1443298
Jeggy, S. S. (2014). Assessing the Writing Levels of Malaysian Armed Forces Officers Based on the ADFELPS Writing Scale. Journal of Social Science Research, 5(3), 844-849.
Kent, S. C., & Wanzek, J. (2016). The relationship between component skills and writing quality and production across developmental levels: A meta-analysis of the last 25 years. Review of Educational Research, 86, 570-601.
Krashen, S. (1982). Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Liu, J., & Costanzo, K. (2013). The relationship among TOEIC listening, reading, speaking, and writing skills. The research foundation for the TOEIC tests: A compendium of studies, 2, 2-1.
Milton, J. (2009). Measuring second language vocabulary acquisition. Multilingual Matters.
Pae, H. K., & O'Brien, B. (2018). Overlap and Uniqueness: Linguistic Componential Traits Contributing to Expressive Skills in English as a Foreign Language. Reading Psychology, 39(4), 384-412.
Roever, C., & Phakiti, A. (2018). Quantitative methods for second language research: A problem-solving approach. Routledge.
Sakurai, N. (2017). The Relationship between the Amount of Extensive Reading and the Writing Performance. Reading Matrix: An International Online Journal, 17(2), 142-164.
Sawaki, Y., Stricker, L., & Oranje, A. (2008). Factor structure of the TOEFL® Internet-based test (iBT): exploration in a field trial sample. ETS Research Report Series, 2008(1).
Šišková, Z. (2016). The relationship between receptive and productive vocabulary of Slavic EFL learners. Topics in Linguistics, 17(2), 26-40.
Richards, Jack. (2015). Bridging the gap between receptive and productive competence. Retrieved from http://www.cambridge.org/elt/blog/2015/08/27/bridging-gap-receptive-productive-competence/
Tavares, R. R. (1990). The connection between reading and writing: theoretical foundations and some techniques. Fragmentos: Revista de Lingua e Literatura Estrangeiras, 3(2).
Yi, F. (2011). Plateau of EFL learning: A psycholinguistic and pedagogical study. Retrieved fromhttp://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.565.6275&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
You, C. J., & Dörnyei, Z. (2016). Language learning motivation in China: Results of a large-scale stratified survey. Applied Linguistics, 37(4), 495-519.
 
						 
							







